Techno-Economic Efficiency Analysis of Various Operating Strategies for Micro-Hydro Storage Using a Pump as a Turbine

Storage technologies are an increasingly crucial element in the continued expansion of renewable energy production. Micro-hydro storage using a pump as turbine is potentially promising solution certain cases, for example, extending existing photovoltaic systems (PV) and thus reducing grid load enabling economically beneficial self-consumption produced. This paper gives overview various operating strategies their technical economic efficiencies. The evaluation was based on simulation model system that uses measured characteristic maps both operations. An optimizer employed to vary essential parameters, which made it possible determine optimal economical operation combination with PV system. turn enabled us conditions under can be operated most profitably. It then make precise calculations stored quantities, total efficiency (?tot = 42% speed control), many other values critical each strategy. Based findings, analysis resulted levelized cost 0.63 €/kWh micro-hydro when control.